How do people get rich from their employee stock options? — Secfi (2024)

Editor’s note: A version of this question originally appeared on Reddit.

How do so many regular tech employees get rich from startup stock options? How is it beneficial for startups to give vast amounts of potential money to employees as stock options? What are stock options, and how do I get rich if my startup offers stock options?

- Anonymous

##

Dear Anonymous,

In the past 30 years, technology startups have created tens of thousands of millionaires in Silicon Valley, largely from stock options. A 2016 report estimated that there were more than 76,000 millionaires and billionaires living in the region alone.

This is largely due to the incredible value that private technology startups are capable of generating through software.

You asked a good question around why startups are willing to give their early employees so much equity as stock options. The answer is equal parts practical, competitive, and cultural.

First, the practical reason: For cash-strapped early-stage startups, they’ll offer competitive stock option packages to employees to get access to top talent while potentially paying slightly-less-than-industry-average salaries.

Similarly, stock options give startups a competitive advantage when they’re creating job offers for top candidates — if all things are equal, candidates will take the job offer with the more attractive stock options package.

Finally, stock options are cultural: Silicon Valley is built on a long-standing belief that it exists as a meritocracy, where founders share in the success of their startups with the employees who generated the most value on the path to get there. Technology companies began granting employee stock options in the 1960s, and they’ve become a defining characteristic of the industry since then.

So what is a stock option, and how does it work? In basic terms, a stock option gives you the ability to buy (or earn) shares in your company at a predetermined price and/or a predetermined timeline.

There are three common types of employee stock options — incentive stock options (ISOs), non-qualified stock options (NSOs) and restricted stock units (RSUs).

Depending on how successful the company eventually becomes, your pre-IPO stock options can end up being worth a lot.

For example, in the year 2000, early Google employees exercised 17.7 million shares at an average price of 30 cents per share — spending around $5.3 million to do so. The company went public in 2004, and closed its first day of trading at $100 per share — making those shares exercised just four years before worth $1.77 billion.

Collectively, the Google shares that employees exercised in 2000 are now worth tens of billions of dollars.

Very few technology startups become the next Google, and most stock options that are granted each year eventually end up worthless, because the vast majority of startups fail. Exercising stock options can also carry tax liabilities, depending on what type of shares you’re vesting, and when you decide to exercise.

However, for the small handful of startups that survive, grow, and eventually exit, stock options can represent a life-changing financial opportunity for early employees.

- Vieje Piauwasdy, Director of Equity Strategy, Secfi

Do you have a question about your stock options? Email us at ask@secfi.com

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How do people get rich from their employee stock options? — Secfi (2024)

FAQs

How to get rich with stock options? ›

Since an option contract represents 100 shares of the underlying stock, you can profit from controlling a lot more shares of your favorite growth stock than you would if you were to purchase individual shares with the same amount of cash. When your chosen stock flies to the moon, sell your options for a massive profit.

How do you make money with employee stock options? ›

Stock options aren't actual shares of stock—they're the right to buy a set number of company shares at a fixed price, usually called a grant price, strike price, or exercise price. Because your purchase price stays the same, if the value of the stock goes up, you could make money on the difference.

Can you get rich off company stock options? ›

Stock options give employees a share in the potential upside of the company's success. They are high-risk, high-reward compensation. You don't know how much they will be worth when they're first issued. But if the company does well, employees with large option grants stand to gain significantly.

Why are employee stock options good? ›

Stock options are a popular way for companies to build a strong relationship with employees and to motivate them to work hard in the interests of the company. Stock options are also a way to encourage employees to stay and not be tempted to leave and work for a competitor.

Can you make a living off stock options? ›

How Much Does an Options Trader Make? It's realistic for an options trader to make at least $100,000 per year or more full-time, but it's important to realize that most traders won't make this amount. It takes hard work, mental discipline, and proper capital for a trader to make this kind of money.

Can stock options make you a millionaire? ›

The answer, in short, is yes. Investing in stocks has the potential to make you a millionaire, but it's not guaranteed. Successful investing requires knowledge, research, and patience. It's important to understand that investing comes with risks.

Can I cash out my employee stock options? ›

Can I Cash Out My Employee Stock Purchase Plan? Yes. The payroll deductions you have set aside for an ESPP are yours if you have not yet used them to purchase stock. You will need to notify your plan administrator and fill out any paperwork required to make a withdrawal.

What are the disadvantages of stock options for employees? ›

Employees can't typically access the value of their options until after they're vested and exercised. This may not be an attractive benefit when staff members have lower salaries and need the funds now. In some cases, they may even encounter restrictions onhow they may sell the stock.

Is buying employee stock options worth it? ›

ESPPs offer an easy, cost-efficient way to pursue a disciplined savings plan. Since you're buying stock for a discount, you have the potential to earn money with this 'buy low, sell high' approach. Based on the same survey, 71% of qualified ESPP plans offer a 15% discount.

How to exercise employee stock options? ›

Exercise your stock options to buy shares of your company stock, then sell just enough of the company shares (at the same time) to cover the stock option cost, taxes, and brokerage commissions and fees. The proceeds you receive from an exercise-and-sell-to-cover transaction will be shares of stock.

Do stock options count as income? ›

You have taxable income or deductible loss when you sell the stock you bought by exercising the option. You generally treat this amount as a capital gain or loss. However, if you don't meet special holding period requirements, you'll have to treat income from the sale as ordinary income.

Can the average person get rich off stocks? ›

Can You Make a Lot of Money in Stocks? Yes, if your goals are realistic. Although you hear of making a killing with a stock that doubles, triples, or quadruples in price, such occurrences are rare, and/or usually reserved for day traders or institutional investors who take a company public.

What is the most common employee stock option? ›

The two most common employee stock options are incentive stock options (ISO) and non-qualified stock options (NSO).
  • Incentive stock options or ISO. ...
  • Non-qualified stock options or NSO. ...
  • RSU, SAR, ESPP. ...
  • Deciding on the number of shares you like to offer. ...
  • Signing the startup stock option agreement. ...
  • Waiting for your stock to vest.

What are employee stock options for dummies? ›

A stock option is one of the most common types of employee equity compensation. It is a contract that enables an employee to purchase a given number of shares of a company at a determined price referred to as the strike price and within a specified time-frame called the exercise window.

Do you pay taxes twice on stock options? ›

Stock options are typically taxed at two points in time: first when they are exercised (purchased) and again when they're sold. You can unlock certain tax advantages by learning the differences between ISOs and NSOs.

Are stock options a good way to make money? ›

Options traders can profit by being option buyers or option writers. Options allow for potential profit during volatile times, regardless of which direction the market is moving. This is possible because options can be traded in anticipation of market appreciation or depreciation.

How did one trader make $2.4 million in 28 minutes? ›

For one trader, the news event allowed for incredible profits in a very short amount of time. At 3:32:38 p.m. ET, a Dow Jones headline crossed the newswire reporting that Intel was in talks to buy Altera. Within the same second, a trader jumped into the options market and aggressively bought calls.

Can you make money fast with options? ›

Options are among the most popular vehicles for traders, because their price can move fast, making (or losing) a lot of money quickly.

Which option strategy is most profitable? ›

1. Bull Call Spread. A bull call spread strategy is driven by a bullish outlook. It involves purchasing a call option with a lower strike price while concurrently selling one with a higher strike price, positioning you to profit from an anticipated gradual increase in the stock's value.

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